Linux enumeration
Get information from:
Settings: Users and usernames
Applications: some run on defaults, or there may be null or blank passwords
Permissions on key directories and files
Shares if linux shares resources over the network
Samba, the linux equivalent to smb, may give information about the windows network and its shares
NFS information can give information on permissions and the network services
Various built-in commands and utilities
Tools
Remediation
Minimize the attack surface by removing any unnecessary or unused service.
Ensure IPTables is configured to restrict the access.